Ummah Solidarity to Universal Humanitarianism: Muhammadiyah's Islamic Cosmopolitanism in Global Muslim Affairs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32506/sx0z9a18Keywords:
Islamic cosmopolitanism, global Muslim issues, humanitarianism, transnational civil societyAbstract
This article examines the development of Islamic cosmopolitanism in Muhammadiyah's engagement with global Muslim issues up to 2022. Using qualitative historical-institutional document analysis, it investigates organizational doctrines, humanitarian programs, transnational branches, peace initiatives, and interventions concerning Palestine, Rohingya refugees, Mindanao, and Southern Thailand. The findings show that Muhammadiyah's global orientation combines three moral vocabularies: solidarity with the ummah, Indonesian civic internationalism, and universal humanitarian responsibility. This combination is institutionalized through Muhammadiyah Aid, Lazismu, the Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Center, universities, overseas branches, and interfaith peace forums. However, cosmopolitanism is not established merely by operating abroad or assisting Muslim populations. It becomes substantive when confessional motivation is translated into nondiscrimination, professional standards, local partnership, and accountability to affected communities. The study therefore characterizes Muhammadiyah's orientation as rooted and organizational cosmopolitanism: globally open but formed by Indonesian history, Islamic reformism, and national civic commitments. Its principal weaknesses are issue selectivity, dependence on diplomatic access, uneven transnational capacity, and limited public evidence of long-term outcomes.
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