Disaster Fiqh: Muhammadiyah’s Legal-Ethical Framework for Emergency Governance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32506/79rr7594Keywords:
Legal-Ethical, disaster fiqh, Muhammadiyah, Islamic Law, social identity, emergency governance, MDCAbstract
This article examines Muhammadiyah’s disaster fiqh as a legal-ethical framework for governing emergencies rather than merely as a collection of dispensations for worship during crises. Using qualitative document analysis, the study analyzes Muhammadiyah’s Fikih Kebencanaan, Tarjih materials, Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Center documents, organizational statements, and relevant academic studies published no later than 2023. The analysis applies a layered normative framework that distinguishes foundational values, general principles, and concrete legal guidance. The findings show that Muhammadiyah reconstructs disaster jurisprudence around five interrelated propositions: disasters must not be reduced to divine punishment; protection of life constitutes a primary religious obligation; scientific expertise has normative authority in risk assessment; mitigation and preparedness are collective duties; and emergency religious rulings must be integrated with accountable institutions. This framework extends fiqh beyond post-disaster ritual accommodation toward prevention, humanitarian service, recovery, and public coordination. Its institutional embodiment through the Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Center converts legal interpretation into operational capacity. Nevertheless, gaps remain between national doctrine and local implementation, especially in dissemination, disability inclusion, psychosocial recovery, and ecological accountability. The article argues that Muhammadiyah’s principal innovation lies in transforming Islamic legal reasoning into a form of anticipatory, science-informed, and institutionally organized emergency governance.
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